Why is it in the news?
Lithium-ion dependence exposes India to import and critical mineral risks.
Sodium-ion batteries are emerging as safer and cost-effective alternatives.
Category: Science and Technology
Important Points:
● Use abundant sodium resources instead of lithium
● Positioned as safer and cost-effective battery alternative
● Suitable for EVs, grid storage and solar use
● Energy density now approaching LFP batteries
● Lower thermal runaway risk than lithium-ion
● Can be transported at zero volts safely
● Use aluminium instead of copper current collectors
● Reduce dependence on lithium, cobalt, nickel, graphite imports
● PLI ACC scheme targets 50 GWh domestic capacity
● Key challenges: higher weight and moisture-sensitive manufacturing