Why is it in the news?
Expression of speeches during Budget Session 2026 raised concerns over MPs’ freedom of speech.
Debate centered on safeguards under Article 105 of the Constitution.
Category: Polity
Important Points:
● Article 105(1) guarantees freedom of speech in Parliament
● Article 105(2) grants immunity from legal proceedings for speech or vote
● Immunity extends to Attorney General and authorised participants
● Article 121 bars discussion on conduct of judges except during impeachment
● Rule 380 allows Speaker to expunge defamatory or unparliamentary words
● Sub judice matters cannot be discussed
● Committee of Privileges examines breach or misuse of privilege
● SC in Tej Kiran Jain (1970) upheld absolute immunity
● SC in Sita Soren (2024) held bribery not protected under Article 105