Optics-Refraction of Light: Which of the following statements explains why stars appear to twinkle but planets do not? 1. The twinkling of stars is due to atmospheric refraction. 2. Planets appear larger in angular size than stars, so the variations average out. 3. Twinkling is due to the reflection of light by the atmosphere. Select the correct statement(s)

Stars twinkle because of the continuous refraction of starlight through different layers of the Earth’s atmosphere, which causes their apparent position to shift. Planets do not twinkle noticeably because they have a larger apparent size; the light from different parts averages out the variations. Statement 3 is incorrect because twinkling is not due to reflection but due to refraction.