Why in News?
The Union Health Ministry reviewed India’s progress towards achieving the target of malaria elimination by 2030. The review focused particularly on 33 high-burden districts across nine States and Union Territories.
Key Highlights
- India recorded a nearly 80% decline in malaria cases and deaths between 2015 and 2025.
- The number of high-burden districts declined from 155 to 33.
- 160 districts reported zero indigenous malaria cases during 2022–2025.
- The 33 high-burden districts accounted for 64% of malaria cases and 54% of malaria deaths in 2025.
- The government emphasised area-specific strategies, stronger surveillance and the Test, Treat and Track approach.
- The review covered Mizoram, Odisha, Tripura, Assam, Andhra Pradesh, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand and Maharashtra.
Malaria: Key Facts
What is Malaria?
Malaria is a potentially life-threatening infectious disease caused by single-celled parasites of the genus Plasmodium. It is mainly transmitted through the bite of an infected female Anopheles mosquito.
Causative Parasites
Five Plasmodium species are known to cause malaria in humans:
- Plasmodium falciparum – the most dangerous species and a major cause of severe malaria.
- Plasmodium vivax – widely distributed and capable of causing relapses.
- Plasmodium malariae
- Plasmodium ovale
- Plasmodium knowlesi
How is Malaria Transmitted?
The primary mode of transmission is the bite of an infected female Anopheles mosquito. Rarely, malaria can also be transmitted through:
- Infected blood transfusion
- Contaminated needles
- Organ transplantation
- Mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy
Note: Malaria is not normally transmitted through direct person-to-person contact.
Symptoms
Common symptoms include:
- Fever and chills
- Headache
- Body and muscle aches
- Weakness and fatigue
- Nausea and vomiting